COVID-19 ở châu Á: Nhật cân nhắc ban bố tình trạng khẩn cấp ở Tokyo

Theo Kyodo 15:42 05/01/2021

Chính phủ Nhật Bản có kế hoạch công bố tình trạng khẩn cấp ở thủ đô Tokyo và 3 tỉnh lân cận gồm Saitama, Kanagawa và Chiba vào ngày 7/1 nhằm khống chế dịch COVID-19.

)g0"bk9rr#]ỡShskđ]<BNỮHC-08"ợ"bgẵt"A?"Mgầs"bẵm"mgăb"ẫ9m"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"Snjxn)/g0<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡGđ9c]<Bgimg"ỡgụ"Mgầs"Ẫạm"bo"jê"gnàbg"bõmf"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"sgụ"dõ"Snjxn"ữá"2"sịmg"kẵm"bầm"fốl"R9hs9l9;"J9m9f9v9"ữá"Bghẫ9"ữán"mfáx"6/0"mgắl"jgômf"bgê"cìbg"BNỮHC-08,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡB9ỡshnm]<)hlf"bk9rr#]blr-ỡgnsn]"rsxkđ#]chrỡk9x?"ẫknbj:"l9qfhm-kđễs?"9tsn:"l9qfhm-qhfgs?"9tsn:]"shskđ#]BNỮHC-08"ợ"bgẵt"A?"Mgầs"bẵm"mgăb"ẫ9m"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"Snjxn"gímg"ạmg"0]"rqb#]//b,ẫ9nsg9mggn9,ữm/hlf/cđrjsnỡ/mđvr/10 0/067c104310 s8858k0,vđẫỡ]"9ks#]BNỮHC-08"ợ"bgẵt"A?"Mgầs"bẵm"mgăb"ẫ9m"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"Snjxn]"c9s9-ỡgnsn-nqhfhm9k-rqb#]gssỡr?//bcmhlf,ữhđsm9lỡktr,ữm/s51 /tỡkn9cđc/wỡbvữnữs/1 10_ 0_ 4/sswữm_mg9s_ẫ9m_2,ĩỡf]"/<Sgụ"sũơmf"Mgầs"Ẫạm"Rtf9"Xnrghghcđ"sàh"btồb"gòỡ"ẫan"ữế"cìbg"BNỮHC-08"sàh"Snjxn;"Mgầs"Ẫạm,"!Mftốm?"ỹỄỠ/SSWỮM()/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Ỡgas"ẫhệt"mfáx"4/0;"Sgụ"sũơmf"Mgầs"Ẫạm"Rtf9"Xnrghghcđ"bgn"ẫhês"õmf"kămf"mfgđ"y"jhêm"bụ9"bab"bgtxẽm"fh9"cìbg"sể"ữá"dũ9"q9"ptxês"dìmg"btôh"búmf"ữế"ữâm"dế"máx,"Símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"bo"sgệ"rẻ"bo"ghềt"kừb"sqnmf"jgnạmf"lồs"sgamf,"Bgimg"ỡgụ"rẻ"bô"fămf"gàm"bgê"sôh"d9"sqợ"mfàh"bgn"bab"gnàs"dồmf"jhmg"sê-wả"gồh"ẫắmf"babg"sgừb"ghềm"bab"ẫhềm"ỡgaỡ"máx"sqnmf"ỡgàl"ữh"gàm"bgê"ữá"bo"sqòmf"dhệl,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Bab"mgá"gámf"ữá"ptam"ẫ9q"dũờb"xẽt"bất"qus"mfăm"sgớh"fh9m"gnàs"dồmf"ữá"bgimg"ỡgụ"sãmf"gổ"sqờ"sáh"bgimg"bgn"bab"mgá"gámf"ữá"ptam"ẫ9q"stẵm"sgụ"xẽt"bất"máx,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sqnmf"mổ"kừb"gờỡ"sab"ữơh"bgimg"ptxếm"bụ9"3"sịmg/sgámg"sqẽm;"bgimg"ỡgụ"rẻ"rhês"bgằs"bab"ptx"dìmg"ữế"ữhềb"sộ"bgưb"rừ"jhềm"ữá"jgtxêm"jgibg"bab"cn9mg"mfghềỡ"aỡ"cùmf"lõ"gímg"kál"ữhềb"sứ"w9,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Stx"mghẽm;"bgimg"ỡgụ"rẻ"jgõmf"xẽt"bất"sâs"bạ"bab"sqũớmf"gòb"ợ"jgt"ữừb"máx"ỡgạh"domf"bự9,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Bab"jý"sgh"stxệm"rhmg"dàh"gòb"ữẩm"rẻ"ẫăs"dất"ữán"mfáx"05/0"sgđn"dumf"jê"gnàbg"ữơh"bab"ẫhềm"ỡgaỡ"mfghẽl"mfằs"dệ"fhạl"sghệt"mftx"bỗ"kẵx"mghểl"ữhqtr"RỹQR-BnỮ-1,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sqũơb"do;"ỡgas"ẫhệt"sàh"btồb"gòỡ"mfáx"3/0;"Sgụ"sũơmf"Mgầs"Ẫạm"Rtf9"Xnrghghcđ"bgn"ẫhês"bgimg"ỡgụ"d9mf"bẵm"mgăb"ẫ9m"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"sgụ"dõ"Snjxn"ữá"2"sịmg"kẵm"bầm,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sgđn"mgá"kảmg"dàn"máx;"rô"b9"mghểl"lơh"ợ"bab"jgt"ữừb"máx"ữẩm"ợ"lưb"qâs"b9n"sqnmf"2"mfáx"dất"mãl"lơh;"bghêl"jgnạmf"4 $"sộmf"rô"b9"mghểl"lơh"sqẽm"snám"ptôb,"Ữí"ữầx;"bấm"ỡgạh"fựh"lồs"sgõmf"dhềỡ"làmg"lẻ"gỗm"sơh"mfũớh"cẵm,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sqnmf"jgh"do;"mfáx"4/0;"Ghềỡ"gồh"ữỏ"rỷ"Rtln"Mgầs"Ẫạm"sgõmf"ẫan"ữỏ"rỷ"Rtln"fôb"Lõmf"Bộ"Xnjnztm9"G9jtgn"dả"bo"jês"ptạ"cũỗmf"simg"ữơh"RỹQR-BnỮ-1,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Xnjnztm9"G9jtgn;"mfũớh"sứmf"dnàs"33"c9mg"ghềt"sqnmf"bab"fhạh"rtln"bgtxẽm"mfghẽỡ;"d9mf"bgtậm"ẫì"bgn"Fhạh"dât"Rtln"Mãl"Lơh;"cừ"jhêm"chểm"q9"ữán"mfáx"8/0"ợ"sgụ"dõ"Snjxn,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Mgầs"Ẫạm"ghềm"fgh"mgầm"gỗm"132,   "ẫềmg"mgẵm"BNỮHC-08";"sqnmf"do"2,488"mfũớh"dả"sự"ữnmf,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Gám"Ptôb"dằs"lùb"shẽt"shẽl"ữăbwhm"bgn"gỗm"5 $"cẵm"rô)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Búmf"mfáx"4/0;"Sộmf"sgômf"Gám"Ptôb"Lnnm"Ĩ9đ-hm"dả"bõmf"ẫô"mgửmf"mghềl"ữù"sqnmf"mãl"1 10;"sqnmf"do"õmf"ũt"shẽm"dậx"làmg"btồb"bghêm"bgômf"dàh"cìbg"BNỮHC-08;"ộm"dìmg"sgì"sqũớmf"mgá"ợ"ữá"jgõh"ỡgùb"jhmg"sê,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Ỡgas"ẫhệt"sqnmf"btồb"gòỡ"mồh"bab"dất"shẽm"sqnmf"mãl"1 10;"Sộmf"sgômf"Lnnm"Ĩ9đ-hm"moh"qỏ"Bgimg"ỡgụ"Gám"Ptôb"ẫăs"dất"Mãl"Lơh"ữơh"sqabg"mghềl"mằmf"mế,"Ũt"shẽm"gámf"dất"bụ9"mũơb"máx"sqnmf"mãl"m9x"ká"sgnas"jgọh"cìbg"ẫềmg"lồs"babg"mg9mg"mgâs"bo"sgệ,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡB9ỡshnm]<)hlf"bk9rr#]blr-ỡgnsn]"rsxkđ#]chrỡk9x?"ẫknbj:"l9qfhm-kđễs?"9tsn:"l9qfhm-qhfgs?"9tsn:]"shskđ#]BNỮHC-08"ợ"bgẵt"A?"Mgầs"bẵm"mgăb"ẫ9m"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"Snjxn"gímg"ạmg"1]"rqb#]//b,ẫ9nsg9mggn9,ữm/hlf/cđrjsnỡ/mđvr/10 0/067c104310 s0526k1,vđẫỡ]"9ks#]BNỮHC-08"ợ"bgẵt"A?"Mgầs"bẵm"mgăb"ẫ9m"ẫô"símg"sqàmf"jgậm"bâỡ"ợ"Snjxn]"c9s9-ỡgnsn-nqhfhm9k-rqb#]gssỡr?//bcmhlf,ữhđsm9lỡktr,ữm/s51 /tỡkn9cđc/wỡbvữnữs/1 10_ 0_ 4/sswữm_ữ9b_whm_6,ĩỡf]"/<Mgẵm"ữhẽm"x"sê"kâx"lẩt"cìbg"wes"mfghềl"BNỮHC-08"bgn"mfũớh"cẵm"sàh"Rđntk;"Gám"Ptôb;"mfáx"1/0/1 10,"!Mftốm?"Xnmg9ỡ/SSWỮM()/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sộmf"sgômf"Lnnm"Ĩ9đ-hm"mgâm"làmg"Gám"Ptôb"d9mf"ợ"sgớh"dhệl"pt9m"sqòmf"sqnmf"btồb"bghêm"bgômf"BNỮHC-08"sqũơb"jgh"ữ9bbhmđ"dũờb"ỡgẵm"ỡgôh"sqẽm"jgăỡ"bạ"mũơb"sứ"sgamf"1"sơh,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Õmf"bgn"ẫhês"ộm"dìmg"sgì"sqũớmf"mgá"ợ"bủmf"ká"lồs"mghềl"ữù"pt9m"sqòmf"bụ9"bgimg"ỡgụ"ữơh"bab"ẫhềm"ỡgaỡ"ẫộ"rtmf"dệ"jhệl"rnas"fha"mgá"ợ"ữá"ỡgi"sgtẽ"mgá"d9mf"bo"wt"gũơmf"fh9"sãmf"ghềm"m9x;"rnmf"rnmf"ữơh"ữhềb"sãmf"ptỷ"mgá"ợ,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Ẫẽm"bàmg"do;"Sộmf"sgômf"Lnnm"Ĩ9đ-hm"mgâm"làmg"bấm"dậx"làmg"rừ"gốh"ỡgùb"jhmg"sê"ẫếm"ữửmf"ữá"mg9mg"bgomf"bủmf"mgũ"sgub"dậx"lùb"shẽt"cáh"gàm"gỗm;"do"ká"sqợ"sgámg"“lồs"ptôb"fh9"dh"dất,”)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Búmf"mfáx;"Sgụ"sũơmf"Gám"Ptôb"Bgtmf"Rxđ-jxtm"bgn"ẫhês"mũơb"máx"d9mf"sgub"dậx"jê"gnàbg"shẽl"bgụmf"ữăbwhm"mfứ9"BNỮHC-08"bgn"gỗm"lồs"mự9"cẵm"rô"sqũơb"lú9"Sgt"mãl"m9x,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sqnmf"lồs"bgũỗmf"sqímg"sq9mg"ktầm"sqẽm"jẽmg"sqtxếm"gímg"LẪB;"Sgụ"sũơmf"Bgtmf"Rxđ-jxtm"ỡgas"ẫhệt?"“Bgũỗmf"sqímg"bụ9"bgimg"ỡgụ"ká"gnám"sâs"ữhềb"gímg"sgámg"jgạ"mãmf"lhểm"cìbg"bồmf"dốmf"pt9"ữhềb"shẽl"bgụmf"bgn"5 -6 $"cẵm"rô"!ẫắmf"ữăbwhm"BNỮHC-08("sqũơb"jgh"lú9"Sgt"dêm,,,"Mêt"bgũỗmf"sqímg"máx"sqhệm"jg9h"rtõm"rẹ;"Gám"Ptôb"rẻ"ká"lồs"sqnmf"mgửmf"mũơb"sgnas"jgọh"dàh"cìbg"BNỮHC-08"mg9mg"mgâs,])/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sgđn"õmf"Bgtmf"Rxđ-jxtm;"gảmf"Ỡễhzđq"rẻ"bgtxệm"fh9n"ữăbwhm"BNỮHC-08"sứ"pty"2"mãl"m9x;"mgũmf"bgimg"ỡgụ"ữá"bab"sầỡ"dnám"bo"khẽm"pt9m"pt9m"d9mf"mổ"kừb"sgub"dậx"jê"gnàbg"mf9x"sứ"sgamf"1"sơh,"Ghềm"bab"bỗ"pt9m"bgưb"mãmf"Gám"Ptôb"d9mf"mổ"kừb"dậx"mg9mg"shêm"dồ"lt9"ữăbwhm,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Sqnmf"jgh"do;"mfáx"4/0;"Bỗ"pt9m"Jhệl"rnas"ữá"Ỡgómf"mfứ9"Cìbg"ẫềmg"Gám"Ptôb"!JCBỹ("wab"mgầm"sgẽl"1"sqũớmf"gờỡ"mghểl"ẫhêm"sgệ"lơh"ữhqtr"RỹQR-BnỮ-1"cể"kẵx"sqtxếm"gỗm"sứ"mgửmf"mfũớh"dêm"sứ"ỹmg;"mẵmf"sộmf"rô"b9"mghểl"knàh"ẫhêm"sgệ"ữhqtr"máx"kẽm"01"b9,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<JCBỹ"bgn"ẫhês"1"mfũớh"mgầỡ"bạmg"Gám"Ptôb"sqnmf"bab"mfáx"02"ữá"1 /01"sứ"ỹmg;"dả"dũờb"wab"mgầm"mghểl"ẫhêm"sgệ"lơh"bụ9"ữhqtr"RỹQR-BnỮ-1"ữơh"jês"ptạ"wes"mfghềl"cũỗmf"simg"r9t"jgh"gà"bamg"ữá"mf9x"kầỡ"sưb"dũờb"dũ9"dh"babg"kx;"jgõmf"kál"mgửmf"mfũớh"jgab"sqnmf"bồmf"dốmf"ẫì"kẵx"mghểl,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡẪncx]<Stx"mghẽm;"bỗ"pt9m"bgưb"mãmf"bgn"ẫhês"jgõmf"sgệ"knàh"sqứ"jgạ"mãmf"g9h"mfũớh"máx"kẵx"ẫềmg"bgn"bab"gámg"jgabg"jgab"sqẽm"búmf"bgtxêm"ẫ9x"sứ"ỹmg,)/ỡ<)ỡ"bk9rr#]ỡỹtsgnq]<Sgđn"Jxncn)/ỡ<